Dogs have grown alongside humans for many years now, and we have had a strong impact on their evolution. One example of this phenomenon is in the many different breeds of dogs. Through our selection a few species of dogs have transformed into many different types, most vividly distinct from their ancestors.
Dogs have also become more “human.” They get jealous, they miss us, and they seem to have a much deeper range of emotions than is necessary for survival.
Further proof of the canine evolution intertwining with that of humans is how they relate to us. Dogs are able to attach humanistic emotions to actions that are threatening to wild animals. When we smile at a dog, he or she realizes we are happy. But bearing teeth would ordinarily be seen as a threatening act.
Another way in which we connect uniquely with dogs is through eye contact. Dogs can hold eye contact with humans, and the interaction seems so sweet. Animals in the wild, however, view this action as a direct threat. What are dogs telling us when they stare into our eyes?
One study, conducted by Science Magazine, found that a specific chemical reaction takes place when dogs and humans make eye contact. The amount of the hormone oxytocin, which is associated with nurturing and attachment, increases in both the humans and the pups when they stare at each other.
Some scientist hypothesize that this was an adaptive characteristic for canines; they somehow accessed this chemical reaction in order to increase their chances of being protected and fed by humans. It must have worked, because we feel extremely close to these furry friends.
The dogs involved in the experiment registered higher levels of oxytocin after 30 minute sessions of being petted, talked to, and gazed at by their owners,” explains IHeartDogs. Meanwhile, “hand-raised wolves were also tested, but unlike the dogs, they avoided eye contact and did not experience any significant hormonal changes.”
The stare definitely has something to do with connecting to or manipulating humans, but so far there isn’t much research beyond that. “We don’t know what the dog’s gaze means,” Evan L. MacLean, the co-director of the Duke Canine Cognition Center, told The New York Times. “When you look at a human baby, it feels good. Maybe dogs gaze at you because it feels good. Maybe the dogs are hugging you with their eyes?”
Whatever the case may be, these sweet animals have found yet another way to win over our hearts. Dogs make fantastic pets, and they will continue to brighten our lives for many centuries to come.
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